2013年7月10日 星期三

分詞構句

(資料來源)

http://www.tncvs.tn.edu.tw/englishteachingweb/teaching%20online/SentencePattern/Participle1.htm

 

分詞構句

 

分詞構句是由副詞子句轉化而來的結構,用來表示時間、原因、條件、讓步及附帶狀況。簡單地說,在英文中,要連接兩個句子必須使用連接詞(如while, when, because, if, though, and…),例:Because he was a shy student, he dare not ask his teacher questions.

     由連接詞because所引導的子句即為副詞子句,後面這句則為主要子句

       在副詞子句的主詞與主要子句相同時,我們可將副詞子句中的連接詞及主詞去掉,並將動詞改為V-ing

即為簡單分詞構句

           à Being a shy student, he dare not ask his teacher questions.

      看看下面的句子,如何改成分詞構句呢?

1.      When he saw the policeman, he ran away.

前後主詞相同 à 去連接詞、主詞 à 將副詞子句中的動詞改成V-ing

à Seeing the policeman, he ran away.

          2. Because the book is written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.

 前後主詞相同 à 去連接詞、主詞 à 將副詞子句中的動詞改成V-ing

à Being written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.

        在分詞構句中,過去分詞前的"Being"可省略,所以第二個句子也可以寫成:

                   Written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.

            

"being"被省略的情況下,我們可能會看到以V-ing或過去分詞(p.p.)開頭的簡單分詞構句,

要判斷究竟是V-ing或過去分詞(p.p.),要以主要子句的主詞來判斷

因為分詞構句的主詞與主要子句的主詞是相同的。

例:__________ on the street, I met an old friend.

若要填入的動詞是"walk",該填 "walking"還是"walked"呢?

      答案是"Walking"。因為主詞是"I",由此可知,原來應該是"I walked à walking"

而不是"I was walkedà Being walked"

再來看另一個句子。

例:________ from the mountain, Taipei looks beautiful at night. 

若要填入的動詞是"see",該填的是"seeing"還是"seen"呢?

    答案是"Seen"。因為主詞是"Taipei",原來應該是"Taipei is seen…"à "Being seen…"

再將"Being"省略,所以是"Seen",而不可能是"Taipei sees…"變成"Taipei seeing…"

 

      分詞構句也可以保留從屬連接詞,使語意更明確。

             例:Before going to the party, she spent 2 hours dressing herself up.

                When asked if he would come back, he didn't say anything.

             同樣的,當中的分詞是V-ing或是"(being)+p.p.",也必須由主要子句的主詞和語意來判斷喔!